App development is complex and scope creep is common. A detailed contract should reference a technical specification document and define exactly what constitutes completion. App Store policies change and submissions can be rejected — address how this risk is managed.

• App developer owns code by default unless IP is assigned in writing
• Apple App Store: developer account must be set up before submission
• Google Play: developer account owned by client or developer? Define clearly
• Post-launch updates: who is responsible for OS update compatibility?
• Beta testing: include a formal acceptance testing period

Legal reference: Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982